History
5,000 years of civilization — from Dilmun to the modern Kingdom
Historical Timeline
The story of Bahrain through the ages
Dilmun Civilization
One of the oldest trading civilizations in the ancient world, Dilmun was a vital link between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley.
Tylos Period
Bahrain became known as Tylos during the Hellenistic period, influenced by Greek culture and Alexander the Great's conquests.
Arrival of Islam
Bahrain was among the first regions to embrace Islam, with the Prophet Muhammad's emissary establishing the faith in the islands.
Portuguese Conquest
The Portuguese established a colonial presence, building Bahrain Fort (Qal'at al-Bahrain) and controlling Gulf trade routes.
Safavid Era
The Safavid dynasty expelled the Portuguese and ruled Bahrain, establishing Persian influence across the archipelago.
Al Khalifa Dynasty
The Al Khalifa family, led by Ahmed ibn Muhammad, conquered Bahrain from Persia, establishing the royal dynasty that rules to this day.
Discovery of Oil
Bahrain became the first Gulf state to discover oil, transforming from a pearl-trading economy into a modern petrostate.
Independence
Bahrain declared independence from Britain on August 15, 1971, becoming a sovereign nation and joining the United Nations.
Constitutional Monarchy
King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed Bahrain a constitutional monarchy, ushering in parliamentary elections and reforms.
Vision 2030
Bahrain continues its Economic Vision 2030, diversifying into fintech, tourism, and logistics to build a post-oil future.